Module GEOL3491: Earth Structure and Dynamics

Department: Earth Sciences

GEOL3491: Earth Structure and Dynamics

Prerequisites

• GEOL1081 Further Mathematics for Geoscientists

Corequisites

• None

Excluded Combination of Modules

• None

Aims

• To acquire a fundamental understanding of the structure and dynamics of the interior of the Earth, how these are investigated and modelled numerically, and to understand current research approaches.
• To understand elastic deformation, the propagation of waves in the Earth and how they arise from the radiation of seismic sources
• To learn how seismic motion is recorded and used to reveal the Earth structure on different scales.
• To acquire a fundamental understanding of the fault mechanics that lead to failure and earthquake rupture.

Content

• Quantitative analysis of heat flow and mantle flow in the Earth.
• Composition of the Earth.
• Mantle geodynamics (mantle convection, mantle plumes, subduction).
• Strength and deformation of rocks.
• Earth’s evolution through Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic and Phanerzoic.
• Radiation from earthquake sources.
• Mechanics of earthquake faults and seismic rupture.
• Wave propagation and Earth structure.

Learning Outcomes

• To understand the processes by which heat is transferred within the solid Earth.
• To understand the physics behind convection in the Earth.
• To acquire knowledge and understanding of the structure and composition of the Earth across different geological timescales.
• To acquire knowledge and understanding of Earth materials.
• To understand the physics and nature of mantle dynamic processes, such as mantle plumes, subduction processes, and intraplate volcanism.
• The evolution of tectonics throughout the long-term history of the Earth.
• To acquire a fundamental understanding of the processes that lead to earthquake rupture, namely: brittle failure, fault slip and friction.
• To understand seismic source radiation and wave propagation.
• To be acquainted with seismic data fundamentals and online earthquake databases.
• To reveal the Earth structure on different scales using seismic waves.

• Providing key insight and understanding of the physical processes involved in Earth dynamics on a range of skills.
• Determine the state of deformation and stress in rocks and apply rupture criteria.
• Solve numerical problems using both computer-based and paper-based techniques.
• Critically evaluate the assumptions and uncertainties inherent in a model or analysis.
• Make simplifying assumptions to enable analysis of a complex geological problem or situation.
• Acquire the skills to synthesise data from a variety of sources.
• Acquire the skills to analyse, evaluate and interpret geophysical and geological data.

• Develop problem-solving skills, initiative and persistence in tackling unfamiliar and challenging questions through supervised practical work and summative assessments.
• Develop skills to discuss, evaluate, and review work with colleagues through discussion.
• Evaluate and reflect on assumptions and uncertainties in analysis through supervised practical work and summative assessments.

Modes of Teaching, Learning and Assessment and how these contribute to the learning outcomes of the module

• The module is delivered through a mix of one-hour lecture and two hour practical sessions, supported by handouts, directed reading and web-based material.
• The practicals provide opportunities to apply principles, concepts and theory to case studies and practical examples.
• Guidance on preparation, key and exam skills is provided.

Teaching Methods and Learning Hours

Summative Assessment

Formative Assessment:

In-class written test conducted during a scheduled session of the module.

■ Attendance at all activities marked with this symbol will be monitored. Students who fail to attend these activities, or to complete the summative or formative assessment specified above, will be subject to the procedures defined in the University's General Regulation V, and may be required to leave the University